Today we’re thrilled to announce WeaveVM’s Bundler data protocol specifications, along with a ready-to-use Rust library that enables WeaveVM users to settle and retrieve data hyperscalably, leveraging WeaveVM’s unique large transaction and block size limits.
About Bundler
WeaveVM Bundler is a data protocol specification and library that introduces the first data-centric bundled EVM transactions format. This protocol draws inspiration from Arweave’s ANS-102 specification.
Key advantages of WeaveVM bundled transactions:
- Reduces fees by posting multiple transactions as one, incurring only one base fee cost per bundle
- Enables third-party services to handle bundle settlement on behalf of users.
- Maximizes the TPS capacity of WeaveVM network without requiring additional protocol changes or constraints.
- Supports relational data grouping by combining multiple related transactions into a single bundle.
Bundler leverages WeaveVM’s large block size (~60 MB) and individual transaction size (~8 MB – around 7 max size transactions in a block) to implement a new bundled data settlement specification that unlocks a new level of scale for the network.
Protocol Specification
The fully detailed Bundler protocol specification is available here. In short, Bundler uses the Legacy EVM transaction format for envelopes and the EIP-1559 transaction format for bundles settling on WeaveVM.
The selection of transaction types follows clear efficiency principles. Legacy transactions were chosen for envelopes due to their minimal size (144 bytes), making them the most space-efficient option for data storage. EIP-1559 transactions were adopted for bundles as the widely accepted standard for transaction processing.
Nomenclature
- Bundler: The data protocol specification for EVM bundled transactions on WeaveVM
- Envelope: A legacy EVM transaction that serves as the fundamental building block and composition unit of a Bundle
- Bundle: An EIP-1559 transaction that groups multiple envelopes (n > 0), enabling efficient transaction batching and processing
- Superbundle: A transaction that carries multiple bundles
- Bundler Lib: The Bundler Rust library that facilitates composing and propagating Bundler’s bundles
As previously mentioned, the Bundler data protocol specification draws inspiration from Arweave’s ANS-102. While both use JSON serialization, Bundler extends this approach by applying Borsh serialization to the Bundle/Envelope data structures and Brotli compression to the Bundle data input (calldata of the Bundle / Superbundle).
Bundler workflow
Cost Efficiency: EVMs SSTORE2 vs WeaveVM L1 Calldata vs WeaveVM Bundler
About SSTORE2
Quoting from 0xsequence’s repo about SSTORE2:
“SSTORE2 is a set of Solidity libraries for writing and reading contract storage paying a fraction of the cost. It uses contract code as storage, writing data takes the form of contract creations and reading data uses
EXTCODECOPY.”
This means that instead of storing data in the contract storage (the conventional but costly method), SSTORE2 allows us to:
Pass data as a contract’s bytecode using the CREATE opcode
Read the data through EXTCODECOPY operations
About WeaveVM L1 Calldata
This refers to settling data using WeaveVM L1 calldata through EIP-1559 transactions, which are capped with an 8MB size limit.
About WeaveVM Bundler
This approach involves using Bundler’s data transaction format, which consists of batching data in form of envelopes wrapped in bundles wrapped in Bundles Carrying Transactions.
Data Sources
SSTORE2 VS WeaveVM L1 calldata
In the comparison below, we tested data settling of 1MB of non-zero bytes. WeaveVM’s pricing of non-zero bytes (8 gas) and large transaction data size limit (8MB) allows us to fit the whole MB in a single transaction, paying a single overhead fee.
| Chain | File Size (bytes) | Number of Contracts/Tx | Gas Used | Gas Price (Gwei) | Cost in Native | Native Price (USD) | Total (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WeaveVM L1 Calldata | 1,000,000 | 1 | 8,500,000 (8M for calldata & 500k as base gas fee) | 1 Gwei | - | - | ~$0.05 |
| Ethereum L1 | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas | 20 Gwei | 4.056704 | $3641.98 | $14774.43 |
| Polygon Sidechain | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas | 40 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 8.113408 | $0.52 | $4.21 |
| BSC L1 | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas | 5 Gwei | 1.014176 | $717.59 | $727.76 |
| Arbitrum (Optimistic L2) | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas (+15,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.1 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.020284 (+0.128168 L1 fee) | $3641.98 | $540.66 |
| Avalanche L1 | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas | 25 Gwei | 5.070880 | $43.90 | $222.61 |
| Base (Optimistic L2) | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas (+15,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.001 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.000203 (+0.128168 L1 fee) | $3641.98 | $467.52 |
| Optimism (Optimistic L2) | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas (+15,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.001 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.000203 (+0.128168 L1 fee) | $3641.98 | $467.52 |
| Blast (Optimistic L2) | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas (+15,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.001 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.000203 (+0.128168 L1 fee) | $3641.98 | $467.52 |
| Linea (ZK L2) | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas (+12,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.05 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.010142 (+0.072095 L1 fee) | $3641.98 | $299.50 |
| Scroll (ZK L2) | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas (+12,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.05 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.010142 (+0.072095 L1 fee) | $3641.98 | $299.50 |
| Moonbeam (Polkadot) | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas (+NaN L1 gas) | 100 Gwei | 20.283520 | $0.27 | $5.40 |
| Polygon zkEVM (ZK L2) | 1,000,000 | 41 | 202,835,200 gas (+12,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.05 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.010142 (+0.072095 L1 fee) | $3641.98 | $299.50 |
| Solana L1 | 1,000,000 | 98 | 490,000 imports | N/A | 0.000495 (0.000005 deposit) | $217.67 | $0.11 |
View the comparison table data here
SSTORE2 VS WeaveVM L1 Calldata VS WeaveVM Bundler
Now let’s take the data even higher, but for simplicity, let’s not fit the whole data in a single WeaveVM L1 calldata transaction. Instead, we’ll split it into 1MB transactions (creating multiple data settlement overhead fees): 5MB, 5 txs of 1 MB each.
| Chain | File Size (bytes) | Number of Contracts/Tx | Gas Used | Gas Price (Gwei) | Cost in Native | Native Price (USD) | Total (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WeaveVM Bundler | 5,000,000 | 1 | 40,500,000 (40M for calldata & 500k as base gas fee) | 1 Gwei | - | - | ~$0.25-$0.27 |
| WeaveVM L1 Calldata | 5,000,000 | 5 | 42,500,000 (40M for calldata & 2.5M as base gas fee) | 1 Gwei | - | - | ~$0.22 |
| Ethereum L1 | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas | 20 Gwei | 20.184576 | $3650.62 | $73686.22 |
| Polygon Sidechain | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas | 40 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 40.369152 | $0.52 | $20.95 |
| BSC L1 | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas | 5 Gwei | 5.046144 | $717.75 | $3621.87 |
| Arbitrum (Optimistic L2) | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas (+80,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.1 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.100923 (+0.640836 L1 fee) | $3650.62 | $2707.88 |
| Avalanche L1 | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas | 25 Gwei | 25.230720 | $44.01 | $1110.40 |
| Base (Optimistic L2) | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas (+80,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.001 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.001009 (+0.640836 L1 fee) | $3650.62 | $2343.13 |
| Optimism (Optimistic L2) | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas (+80,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.001 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.001009 (+0.640836 L1 fee) | $3650.62 | $2343.13 |
| Blast (Optimistic L2) | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas (+80,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.001 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.001009 (+0.640836 L1 fee) | $3650.62 | $2343.13 |
| Linea (ZK L2) | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas (+60,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.05 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.050461 (+0.360470 L1 fee) | $3650.62 | $1500.16 |
| Scroll (ZK L2) | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas (+60,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.05 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.050461 (+0.360470 L1 fee) | $3650.62 | $1500.16 |
| Moonbeam (Polkadot) | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas (+NaN L1 gas) | 100 Gwei | 100.922880 | $0.27 | $26.94 |
| Polygon zkEVM (ZK L2) | 5,000,000 | 204 | 1,009,228,800 gas (+60,000,000 L1 gas) | 0.05 Gwei (L1: 20 Gwei) | 0.050461 (+0.360470 L1 fee) | $3650.62 | $1500.16 |
| Solana L1 | 5,000,000 | 489 tx | 2445.00k imports | N/A | 0.002468 (0.000023 deposit) | $218.44 | $0.54 |
View the comparison table data here
Use the Bundler Library
Import the Library
Use the Library
For more details and examples, check out the Bundler repository: https://github.com/weaveVM/bundler
Disclaimer
Bundler as a data protocol and library is still in PoC (Proof of Concept) phase - not recommended for production usage, testing purposes only.